When making your acrylics (normal water based GW, P3, etc paints) thin enough to airbrush, you'll have to add something to the paint. By default, most of us will just add water until it's thin enough to spray without clogging and thick enough to not be a wash and to still have some colour. Instead of water, there are other mediums you can use - each has benefits and downsides.
Any of these thinners work well, some better than others depending on the situation. It’s also helpful to mix different mediums and aids together. What’s the perfect mix? People spend a lot of time concocting potions of paint thinners - not just for airbrushing but even to mix with all their paints.
I also have an overview of using thinners with airbrushes.
A bunch of these supplies are available in my Wargaming Approved supplies list.
Examples:
The easiest, most available of thinners and free! (well, mostly) This’ll work in a pinch and really there’s nothing really wrong with using it.
Thinning with water quickly turns your airbrush paint into a wash. Great if you're washing, not if you're painting, so careful not to thin too much.
You'll also notice as you thin with water that you lose the strength of your colours. (Hence, the whole wash thing) Other mediums can actually thin your paints but preserve the strength of the colour - that's why we're here, looking at other options.
As reader Zombie Ad points out, if you live in a hard water area, you may want to use some form of bottled water with your airbrush. Having grown up in a city like this, I can only imagine the uglyness of the calcium build up you could end up with in your Airbrush. FYI - vinegar cleans calcium deposits.
Isopropanol Alcohol
I bought the 99% stuff, but it also comes in other dilutions. (such as half water, half alcohol) The more water that's mixed in, the less drastic the following would be. However, DO NOT use rubbing alcohol - this has some oils in it, which will break your paints down.
Very low surface tension and had a great covering.
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| Test beforehand, because alcohol reacts poorly with some paints... breaking up or thickening up. |
The downside I found with alcohol is that since it evaporates so quick, the paint dried in my airbrush and clogged basically as soon as I stopped spraying.
These products are designed to help paints flow and mix better and/or increase the amount of time it takes before they start to dry out. (If you're working with a palette)
I tried both the types pictured to the left. Liquitex prints the properties of their mediums on the bottles, and you can see here that the only difference is the second one has a bit of a gloss finish.
The first one here, a clear liquid and finish, is probably my favourite stand-alone medium. I often use it to mix with paints, even when not airbrushing, when I don't want them to dry out too fast.
As an airbrush medium, it thinned the paints nicely and flowed cleanly. The coverage was even and didn't get runny like a wash. While not as strong as the colour using alcohol, it definitely didn't fade as much as water.
I tried both the types pictured to the left. Liquitex prints the properties of their mediums on the bottles, and you can see here that the only difference is the second one has a bit of a gloss finish.
The first one here, a clear liquid and finish, is probably my favourite stand-alone medium. I often use it to mix with paints, even when not airbrushing, when I don't want them to dry out too fast.
As an airbrush medium, it thinned the paints nicely and flowed cleanly. The coverage was even and didn't get runny like a wash. While not as strong as the colour using alcohol, it definitely didn't fade as much as water.
This second one didn't impress me too much.
On the up side, the colour was strong and when painted on the mini, the surface of the paint was fine.
However, it was both thicker and a realllll pain to clean. It's opaque (milky) while wet and dries clear. Unmixed, it creates a gummy / plasticy sort of feeling and I wonder if painting it on too thick would create a poor surface to paint over. I'm guessing that something in the milkyness is what's making it all gummy when you get some on you. Cleaning with water created a bit of an oily appearance and assisted in the ensuing clogging.
They come in either Matte (flat, not shiny), Gloss (shiny) or Satin. (in between) A medium will thin a paint, bonding cleanly with the colours, which keeps colours stronger and more vibrant than if you use water.
The colour was really nice using this stuff, but it was about as thick as the paint itself. Not useful by itself for airbrushing. (Though I imagine it'd be nice if you're just brushing the paint on) I had to really open up the pressure and spray to get this stuff to flow.
It's worth noting that when mixed, this helped the paint go further (diluted) while keeping it's colour.
"Airbrush Thinner"
example not displayed
I picked up something billed as airbrush thinner to try out. It’s hard to give suggestions on this because I’m sure you’ll find different concoctions depending on where you go. Usually, this will be a combination of multiple thinnes to get different properties in your paints. Google around and you'll find that many artists prefer to create their own thinner by mixing multiple agents, and often disagree with what's the best mix.
After experimenting with my mediums and some thought, I think the "airbrush thinner" I bought is a little heavy on the opaque slow-dry and/or matte medium.
Windex
example not displayed
A bunch of people have suggested using Windex... probably because of how quickly it evaporates. I imagine it'd act similar to alcohol, but wouldn't evaporate that fast.
Create Your Own Mix
Once you've bought and tried out some different thinners, you can create your own mix from the best. Here's mine.
The matte medium and slo-dri gave the best colour, so I used 1 part of each of them. To thin it out even more, I used 2 parts alcohol. This gave a mix of great flow and strong colour. After testing it out, seems it worked quite well.
For those not familiar with the whole "part" stuff, it works like this:
Take a look at the Wargaming Tradecraft Techniques Page for links to the entire Airbrushing series and other tips, tutorials and information.
I picked up something billed as airbrush thinner to try out. It’s hard to give suggestions on this because I’m sure you’ll find different concoctions depending on where you go. Usually, this will be a combination of multiple thinnes to get different properties in your paints. Google around and you'll find that many artists prefer to create their own thinner by mixing multiple agents, and often disagree with what's the best mix.
After experimenting with my mediums and some thought, I think the "airbrush thinner" I bought is a little heavy on the opaque slow-dry and/or matte medium.
Windex
example not displayed
A bunch of people have suggested using Windex... probably because of how quickly it evaporates. I imagine it'd act similar to alcohol, but wouldn't evaporate that fast.
I didn't test it however, because Windex contains ammonia - this can damage the metal of your airbrush.
Once you've bought and tried out some different thinners, you can create your own mix from the best. Here's mine.
The matte medium and slo-dri gave the best colour, so I used 1 part of each of them. To thin it out even more, I used 2 parts alcohol. This gave a mix of great flow and strong colour. After testing it out, seems it worked quite well.
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| 1 part Matte Medium : 1 part Slo-Dri : 2 parts Alcohol Shake |
- Using the above example, I have medium [M], slo-dri [SD] and alcohol [A].
- Say I put in 10 mL of M, 10 mL of SD and 20 mL of A.
- This is also represented as
- description - 1 part M, 1 part SD and 2 parts A
- ratio - 1M : 1SD : 2A
I'm just pointing this out to avoid any confusion... The numbers can be any mix you want. I didn't use 2A because 1 + 1 = 2... I just knew that I needed more alcohol than medium and slo-dri. So, I started with 2 parts alcohol, and if it needed to be thinner, just would have added another EQUAL part of alcohol. (1:1:3)
If you think it's a little too thin or a little too thick, don't just add more of something all willy nilly. You want to be able to recreate what you're mixing so that the next time you need more airbrush thinner, you can make the same mixture as before, so it works the same. That's why you want to work with "parts" - you know how much to add in relation to everything else you're mixing in. If you start "I'll just add a couple more drops of ____" then you won't be able to keep track of measurements to recreate it.
If you hit up a drug store or a Walmart, you can buy cheap plastic syringes (without a needle) that will let you mix liquids and have a measurement on the side for keeping track of how much you're adding. Or, use a marker to draw lines on your container at the level each liquid should be poured to.
Take a look at the Wargaming Tradecraft Techniques Page for links to the entire Airbrushing series and other tips, tutorials and information.
